Weights and Specific Gravities

Material / Substance Weight
lb. per sq. ft.		 Weight
lb. per cu. ft.		 Specifc Gravity
Ashlar Masonry      
Granite, syenite, gneiss   165 2.3 – 3.0
Limestone, marble   160 2.3 – 2.8
Sandstone, bluestone   140 2.1 – 2.4
Bituminous Substances    
Asphaltum   81 1.1 – 1.5
Coal, anthracite   97 1.4 – 1.7
Coal, bituminous   84 1.2 – 1.5
Coal, lignite   78 1.1 – 1.4
Coal, peat, turf, dry   47 0.65 – 0.85
Coal, charcoal, pine   23 0.28 – 0.44
Coal, charcoal, oak   33 0.47 – 0.57
Coal, coke   75 1.0 – 1.4
Graphite   131 1.9 – 2.3
Parrafine   55 0.87 – 0.91
Petroleum   54 0.87
Petroleum, refined   50 0.79 – 0.82
Petroleum, benzine   45 0.73 – 0.75
Petroleum, gasoline   42 0.66 – 0.69
Pitch   69 1.07 – 1.15
Tar, bituminous   75 1.20
Brick Masonry      
Pressed brick   140 2.2 – 2.3
Common brick   120 1.8 – 2.0
Soft brick   100 1.5 – 1.7
Ceilings      
Channel suspended system 1    
Lathing and plastering see partitions    
Acoustical fiber tile 1    
Coal and Coke, Piled      
Coal, anthracite   47 – 58  
Coal, bituminous, lignite   40-54  
Coal, peat, turf   20-26  
Coal, charcoal   10-14  
Coal, coke   23-32  
Concrete Masonry      
Cement, sone, sand   144 2.2 – 2.3
Cement, slag, etc.   130 1.9 – 2.3
Cement, cinder, etc.   100 1.5 – 1.7
Dry Rubble Masonry      
Granite, syenite, gneiss   130 1.9 – 2.3
Limestone, marble   125 1.9 – 2.1
Sandstone, bluestone   110 1.8 – 1.9
Earth, etc., Excavated      
Clay, dry   63  
Clay, damp, plastic   110  
Clay and gravel, dry   100  
Earth, dry, loose   75  
Earth, dry, packed   95  
Earth, moist, loose   78  
Earth, moist, packed   96  
Earth, mud, flowing   108  
Earth, mud, packed   115  
Riprap, limestone   80 – 85  
Riprap, sandstone   90  
Riprap, shale   105  
Sand, gravel, dry, loose   90-105  
Sand, gravel, dry, packed   100-120  
Sand, gravel, wet   118 – 120  
Excavations in Water      
Sand or gravel   60  
Sand or gravel and clay   65  
Clay   80  
River mud   90  
Soil   70  
Stone riprap   65  
Floors      
Concrete-Reinforced 1 in.
Stone 12½    
Slag 11½    
Lightweight 6 – 10    
Concrete-Plain 1 in.
Stone 12    
Slag 11    
Lightweight 3 – 9    
Fills 1 inch
Gypsum 6    
Sand 8    
Cinders 4    
Finishes
Terrazzo 1 in. 13    
Ceramic or Quarry Tile ¾ in. 10    
Linoleum ¼ in. 1    
Mastic ¾ in. 9    
Hardwood 3/8 in. 4    
Softwood ¾ in. 2½    
Gases      
Air, 0°C, 750mm   .08071 1.0
Ammonia   .0478 0.5920
Carbon dioxide   .1234 1.5291
Carbon monozide   .0781 0.9673
Gas, illuminating   .028 – .035 0.35 – 0.45
Gas, natural   .038 – .039 0.47 – 0.48
Hydrogen   .00559 .0693
Nitrogen   .0784 0.9714
Oxygen   .0892 1.1056
Metals, Alloys, Ores      
Aluminum, cast, hammered   165 2.55 – 2.75
Brass, cast, rolled   534 8.4 – 8.7
Bronze, 7.9 to 14% Sn   509 7.4 – 8.9
Bronze, aluminum   481 7.7
Copper, cast, rolled   556 8.8 – 9.0
Copper ore, pyrites   262 4.1 – 4.3
Gold, cast, hammered   1205 19.25 – 19.3
Iron, cast, pig   450 7.2
Iron, wrought   485 7.6 – 7.9
Iron, spiegel-eisen   468 7.5
Iron, ferro-silicon   437 6.7 – 7.3
Iron ore, hematite   325 5.2
Iron ore, hematite in bank   160 – 180  
Iron ore, hematite loose   130 – 160  
Iron ore, limonite   237 3.6 – 4.0
Iron ore, magnetite   315 4.9 – 5.2
Iron slag   172 2.5 – 3.0
Lead   710 11.37
Lead ore, galena   465 7.3 – 7.6
Magnesium, alloys   112 1.74 – 1.83
Manganese   475 7.2 – 8.0
Manganese ore, pyrolusite   259 3.7 – 4.6
Mercury   349 13.6
Monel Metal   556 8.8 – 9.0
Nickel   565 8.9 – 9.2
Platinum, cast, hammered   1330 21.1 – 21.5
Silver, cast, hammered   656 10.4 – 10.5
Steel, rolled   490 7.85
Tin, cast, hammered   459 7.2 – 7.5
Tin ore, cassiterite   418 6.4 – 7.0
Zinc, cast, rolled   440 6.9 – 7.2
Zinc ore, blonde   253 3.9 – 4.2
Minerals      
Asbestos   153 2.1 – 2.8
Barytes   281 4.50
Basalt   184 2.7 – 3.2
Bauxite   159 2.55
Borax   109 1.7 – 1.8
Chalk   137 1.8 – 2.6
Clay, marl   137 1.8 – 2.5
Dolomite   181 2.9
Feldspar, orthoclase   159 2.5 – 2.6
Gneiss, serpentine   159 2.4 – 2.7
Granite, syenite   175 2.5 – 3.1
Greenstone, trap   187 2.8 – 3.2
Gypsum, alabaster   159 2.3 – 2.8
Hornblende   187 3.0
Limestone, marble   165 2.5 – 2.8
Magnesite   187 3.0
Phosphate rock, apatite   200 3.2
Porphyry   172 2.6 – 2.9
Pumice, natural   40 0.37 – 0.90
Quartz, flint   165 2.5 – 2.8
Sandstone, bluestone   147 2.2 – 2.5
Shale, slate   175 2.7 – 2.9
Soapstone, talc   169 2.6 – 2.8

 

  
Material / Substance Weight
lb. per sq. ft.		 Weight
lb. per cu.
ft.		 Specifc Gravity
Mortar Rubble Masonry    
Granite, syenite, gneiss   155 2.2 – 2.8
Limestone, marble   150 2.2 – 2.6
Sandstone, bluestone   130 2.0 – 2.2
Partitions      
Clay Tile
3 in. 17    
4 in. 18    
6 in. 28    
8 in. 34    
10 in. 40    
Gypsum Block
2 in. 9½    
3 in. 10½    
4 in. 12½    
5 in. 14    
6 in. 18½    
Wood Studs 2×4
12 – 16 in. o.c. 2    
Steel Partitions 4    
Plaster 1 Inch
Cement 10    
Gypsum 5    
Lathing
Metal ½    
Gypsum board ½ in. 2    
Roofs      
Copper or tin 1    
3-ply ready roofing 1    
3-ply felt and gravel 5½    
5-ply felt and gravel 6    
Shingles
Wood 2    
Asphalt 3    
Clay tile 9 to 14    
Slate ¼ 10    
Sheathing
Wood ¾ 3    
Gypsum 1 in. 4    
Insulation 1 in.
Loose ½    
Poured in place 2    
Rigid 1½    
Stone, Quarried, Piled      
Basalt, granite, gneiss   96  
Limestone, marble, quartz   95  
Sandstone   82  
Shale   92  
Greenstone, hornblende   107  
Timber, U.S. Seasoned      
Moisture Content by Weight:
Seasoned timber 15 – 20%
Green timber up to 50%
Ash, white, red   40 0.62 – 0.65
Cedar, white, red   22 0.32 – 0.38
Chestnut   41 0.56
Cypress   30 0.48
Fir, Douglas spruce   32 0.51
Fir, eastern   35 0.40
Elm, white   45 0.72
Hemlock   29 0.42 – 0.52
Hickory   49 0.74 – 0.84
Locust   46 0.73
Maple, hard   43 0.68
Maple, white   33 0.53
Oak, chestnut   54 0.85
Oak, live   59 0.95
Oak, red, black   41 0.65
Oak, white   46 0.74
Pine, Oregon   32 0.51
Pine, red   30 0.48
Pine, white   26 0.41
Pine, yellow, long-leaf   44 0.70
Pine, yellow, short-leaf   38 0.61
Poplar   30 0.48
Redwood, California   25 0.42
Spruce, white, black   27 0.40 – 0.45
Walnut, black   38 0.61
Walnut, white   25 0.41
Various Building
Materials		      
Ashes, cinders   40-45  
Cement, portland, loose   90  
Cement, portland, set   183 2.7 – 3.2
Lime, gypsum, loose   53-64  
Mortar, set   103 1.4 – 1.9
Slags, bank slag   67 – 72  
Slags, bank screenings   98 – 117  
Slags, machine slag   95  
Slags, slag sand   49 – 55  
Various Liquids      
Alcohol, 100%   49 0.79
Acids, muriatic 40%   75 1.20
Acids, nitric 91%   94 1.50
Acids, sulphuric 87%   112 1.80
Lys, soda 56%   105 1.70
Oils, vegetable   58 0.91 – 0.94
Oils, mineral, lubricants   57 0.90 – 0.93
Water, 4°C max. density   62.428 1.0
Water, 100°C   59.830 0.9584
Water, ice   56 0.88 – 0.92
Water, snow, fresh fallen   8 .125
Water, sea water   64 1.02 – 1.03
Various Solids      
Cereals, oats – bulk   32  
Cereals, barley – bulk   39  
Cereals, corn, rye – bulk   48  
Cereals, wheat – bulk   48  
Hay and Straw – bales   20  
Cotton, Flax, Hemp   93 1.47 – 1.50
Fats   58 0.90 – 0.97
Flour, loose   28 0.40 – 0.50
Flour, pressed   47 0.70 – 0.80
Glass, common   156 2.40 – 2.50
Glass, plate or crown   161 2.45 – 2.72
Glass, crystal   184 2.90 – 3.00
Leather   59 0.85 – 1.02
Paper   58 0.70 – 1.15
Potatoes, piled   42  
Rubber, caoutchouc   59 0.92 – 0.96
Rubber goods   94 1.0 – 2.0
Salt, granulated, piled   48  
Saltpeter   67  
Starch   95 1.53
Sulphur   125 1.93 – 2.07
Wool   82 1.32
Walls      
Brick
4 in. 40    
8 in. 80    
12 in. 120    
Hollow Concrete Block (Heavy Aggegate)
4 in. 30    
6 in. 43    
8 in. 55    
12½ in. 80    
Hollow Concrete Block (Light Aggegate)
4 in. 21    
6 in. 30    
8 in. 38    
12 in. 55    
Clay Tile (Load Bearing)
4 in. 25    
6 in. 30    
8 in. 33    
12 in. 45    
Stone 4 in. 55    
Glass Block 4 in. 18    
Window, Glass, Frame,
& Sash		 8    
Structural Glass 1 in. 15    
Corrugated Cement Asbestos ¼ in. 3